How does COPD contribute to atrial fibrillation and increase the risk of pulmonary embolisms?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) contributes to atrial fibrillation and increases the risk of pulmonary embolisms primarily through the development of pulmonary hypertension. In COPD, chronic inflammation and obstruction of airflow can lead to hypoxia and increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Over time, the right side of the heart must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed and damaged pulmonary vessels, resulting in right ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure.

This increase in pulmonary artery pressure can predispose individuals to the development of atrial fibrillation as the strain on the heart can create conditions that lead to electrical disturbances and arrhythmias. Additionally, because pulmonary hypertension can stasis blood flow in the pulmonary circulation, this increases the risk of thrombus formation, which can lead to pulmonary embolisms. In summary, the connection between COPD, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary embolisms is significantly linked to the pathophysiological changes caused by pulmonary hypertension.