Calcified aortic knob with extension of the aortic wall suggests the diagnosis of:

The identification of a calcified aortic knob with an extension of the aortic wall is indicative of a dissecting aortic aneurysm. In this condition, the intimal layer of the aorta tears, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, which can cause changes in the structure of the aorta, such as dilation and irregular contours. The presence of calcification suggests chronicity and structural alteration, while the extension of the aortic wall is characteristic of dissection, where the layers of the aorta are involved in a process that creates a false lumen.

This diagnosis is critical because dissecting aortic aneurysms can lead to life-threatening complications and require urgent medical intervention. Evaluating imaging studies, such as echocardiograms or CT scans, is essential in confirming the diagnosis and determining the best approach for management.